/*
 * xenpm.c: list the power information of the available processors
 * Copyright (c) 2008, Intel Corporation.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
 * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
 * more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
 * this program; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
#define MAX_NR_CPU 512

#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <xenctrl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <xen-tools/common-macros.h>

#define MAX_PKG_RESIDENCIES 12
#define MAX_CORE_RESIDENCIES 8

static xc_interface *xc_handle;
static unsigned int max_cpu_nr;

/* help message */
void show_help(void)
{
    fprintf(stderr,
            "xen power management control tool\n\n"
            "usage: xenpm <command> [args]\n\n"
            "xenpm command list:\n\n"
            " get-cpuidle-states    [cpuid]       list cpu idle info of CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            " get-cpufreq-states    [cpuid]       list cpu freq info of CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            " get-cpufreq-average   [cpuid]       average cpu frequency since last invocation\n"
            "                                     for CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            " get-cpufreq-para      [cpuid]       list cpu freq parameter of CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            " set-scaling-maxfreq   [cpuid] <HZ>  set max cpu frequency <HZ> on CPU <cpuid>\n"
            "                                     or all CPUs\n"
            " set-scaling-minfreq   [cpuid] <HZ>  set min cpu frequency <HZ> on CPU <cpuid>\n"
            "                                     or all CPUs\n"
            " set-scaling-speed     [cpuid] <num> set scaling speed on CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            "                                     it is used in userspace governor.\n"
            " set-scaling-governor  [cpuid] <gov> set scaling governor on CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            "                                     as userspace/performance/powersave/ondemand\n"
            " set-sampling-rate     [cpuid] <num> set sampling rate on CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            "                                     it is used in ondemand governor.\n"
            " set-up-threshold      [cpuid] <num> set up threshold on CPU <cpuid> or all\n"
            "                                     it is used in ondemand governor.\n"
            " get-cpu-topology                    get thread/core/socket topology info\n"
            " set-sched-smt           enable|disable enable/disable scheduler smt power saving\n"
            " set-vcpu-migration-delay      <num> set scheduler vcpu migration delay in us\n"
            " get-vcpu-migration-delay            get scheduler vcpu migration delay\n"
            " set-max-cstate        <num>|'unlimited' [<num2>|'unlimited']\n"
            "                                     set the C-State limitation (<num> >= 0) and\n"
            "                                     optionally the C-sub-state limitation (<num2> >= 0)\n"
            " set-cpufreq-cppc      [cpuid] [balance|performance|powersave] <param:val>*\n"
            "                                     set Hardware P-State (HWP) parameters\n"
            "                                     on CPU <cpuid> or all if omitted.\n"
            "                                     optionally a preset of one of:\n"
            "                                       balance|performance|powersave\n"
            "                                     an optional list of param:val arguments\n"
            "                                       minimum:N (0-255)\n"
            "                                       maximum:N (0-255)\n"
            "                                           get-cpufreq-para lowest/highest\n"
            "                                           values are limits for\n"
            "                                           minumum/maximum.\n"
            "                                       desired:N (0-255)\n"
            "                                           set explicit performance target.\n"
            "                                           non-zero disables auto-HWP mode.\n"
            "                                       energy-perf:N (0-255)\n"
            "                                                   energy/performance hint\n"
            "                                                   lower - favor performance\n"
            "                                                   higher - favor powersave\n"
            "                                                   128 - balance\n"
            "                                       act-window:N{,m,u}s range 1us-1270s\n"
            "                                           window for internal calculations.\n"
            "                                           units default to \"us\" if unspecified.\n"
            "                                           truncates un-representable values.\n"
            "                                           0 lets the hardware decide.\n"
            " start [seconds]                     start collect Cx/Px statistics,\n"
            "                                     output after CTRL-C or SIGINT or several seconds.\n"
            " enable-turbo-mode     [cpuid]       enable Turbo Mode for processors that support it.\n"
            " disable-turbo-mode    [cpuid]       disable Turbo Mode for processors that support it.\n"
            );
}
/* wrapper function */
void help_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    show_help();
}

static void parse_cpuid(const char *arg, int *cpuid)
{
    if ( sscanf(arg, "%d", cpuid) != 1 || *cpuid < 0 )
    {
        if ( strcasecmp(arg, "all") )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid CPU identifier: '%s'\n", arg);
            exit(EINVAL);
        }
        *cpuid = -1;
    }
}

static void parse_cpuid_and_int(int argc, char *argv[],
                                int *cpuid, int *val, const char *what)
{
    if ( argc == 0 )
    {
         fprintf(stderr, "Missing %s\n", what);
         exit(EINVAL);
    }

    if ( argc > 1 )
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], cpuid);

    if ( sscanf(argv[argc > 1], "%d", val) != 1 )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid %s '%s'\n", what, argv[argc > 1]);
        exit(EINVAL);
    }
}

static void print_cxstat(int cpuid, struct xc_cx_stat *cxstat)
{
    unsigned int i;

    printf("cpu id               : %d\n", cpuid);
    printf("total C-states       : %d\n", cxstat->nr);
    printf("idle time(ms)        : %"PRIu64"\n",
           cxstat->idle_time/1000000UL);
    for ( i = 0; i < cxstat->nr; i++ )
    {
        printf("C%-20d: transition [%20"PRIu64"]\n",
               i, cxstat->triggers[i]);
        printf("                       residency  [%20"PRIu64" ms]\n",
               cxstat->residencies[i]/1000000UL);
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < MAX_PKG_RESIDENCIES && i < cxstat->nr_pc; ++i )
        if ( cxstat->pc[i] )
           printf("pc%d                  : [%20"PRIu64" ms]\n", i + 1,
                  cxstat->pc[i] / 1000000UL);
    for ( i = 0; i < MAX_CORE_RESIDENCIES && i < cxstat->nr_cc; ++i )
        if ( cxstat->cc[i] )
           printf("cc%d                  : [%20"PRIu64" ms]\n", i + 1,
                  cxstat->cc[i] / 1000000UL);
    printf("\n");
}

/* show cpu idle information on CPU cpuid */
static int get_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_interface *xc_handle, int cpuid, struct xc_cx_stat *cxstat)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int max_cx_num = 0;

    ret = xc_pm_get_max_cx(xc_handle, cpuid, &max_cx_num);
    if ( ret )
        return -errno;

    if ( !cxstat )
        return -EINVAL;

    if ( !max_cx_num )
        return -ENODEV;

    cxstat->triggers = calloc(max_cx_num, sizeof(*cxstat->triggers));
    cxstat->residencies = calloc(max_cx_num, sizeof(*cxstat->residencies));
    cxstat->pc = calloc(MAX_PKG_RESIDENCIES, sizeof(*cxstat->pc));
    cxstat->cc = calloc(MAX_CORE_RESIDENCIES, sizeof(*cxstat->cc));
    if ( !cxstat->triggers || !cxstat->residencies ||
         !cxstat->pc || !cxstat->cc )
    {
        free(cxstat->cc);
        free(cxstat->pc);
        free(cxstat->residencies);
        free(cxstat->triggers);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }

    cxstat->nr = max_cx_num;
    cxstat->nr_pc = MAX_PKG_RESIDENCIES;
    cxstat->nr_cc = MAX_CORE_RESIDENCIES;

    ret = xc_pm_get_cxstat(xc_handle, cpuid, cxstat);
    if( ret )
    {
        ret = -errno;
        free(cxstat->triggers);
        free(cxstat->residencies);
        free(cxstat->pc);
        free(cxstat->cc);
        cxstat->triggers = NULL;
        cxstat->residencies = NULL;
        cxstat->pc = NULL;
        cxstat->cc = NULL;
    }

    return ret;
}

static int show_max_cstate(xc_interface *xc_handle)
{
    int ret = 0;
    uint32_t value;

    if ( (ret = xc_get_cpuidle_max_cstate(xc_handle, &value)) )
        return ret;

    if ( value < XEN_SYSCTL_CX_UNLIMITED )
    {
        printf("Max possible C-state: C%"PRIu32"\n", value);
        if ( (ret = xc_get_cpuidle_max_csubstate(xc_handle, &value)) )
            return ret;
        if ( value < XEN_SYSCTL_CX_UNLIMITED )
            printf("Max possible substate: %"PRIu32"\n\n", value);
        else
            puts("");
    }
    else
        printf("All C-states allowed\n\n");

    return 0;
}

static int show_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_interface *xc_handle, int cpuid)
{
    int ret = 0;
    struct xc_cx_stat cxstatinfo;

    ret = get_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, cpuid, &cxstatinfo);
    if ( ret )
    {
        if ( ret == -ENODEV )
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "Either Xen cpuidle is disabled or no valid information is registered!\n");
        return ret;
    }

    print_cxstat(cpuid, &cxstatinfo);

    free(cxstatinfo.triggers);
    free(cxstatinfo.residencies);
    free(cxstatinfo.pc);
    free(cxstatinfo.cc);
    return 0;
}

void cxstat_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1;

    if ( argc > 0 )
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], &cpuid);

    show_max_cstate(xc_handle);

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        /* show cxstates on all cpus */
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( show_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i) == -ENODEV )
                break;
    }
    else
        show_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, cpuid);
}

static void print_pxstat(int cpuid, struct xc_px_stat *pxstat)
{
    int i;

    printf("cpu id               : %d\n", cpuid);
    printf("total P-states       : %d\n", pxstat->total);
    printf("usable P-states      : %d\n", pxstat->usable);
    printf("current frequency    : %"PRIu64" MHz\n",
           pxstat->pt[pxstat->cur].freq);
    for ( i = 0; i < pxstat->total; i++ )
    {
        if ( pxstat->cur == i )
            printf("*P%-9d", i);
        else
            printf("P%-10d", i);
        printf("[%4"PRIu64" MHz]", pxstat->pt[i].freq);
        printf(": transition [%20"PRIu64"]\n",
               pxstat->pt[i].count);
        printf("                       residency  [%20"PRIu64" ms]\n",
               pxstat->pt[i].residency/1000000UL);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

/* show cpu frequency information on CPU cpuid */
static int get_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_interface *xc_handle, int cpuid, struct xc_px_stat *pxstat)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int max_px_num = 0;

    if ( !pxstat)
        return -EINVAL;

    for ( ; ; )
    {
        ret = xc_pm_get_max_px(xc_handle, cpuid, &max_px_num);
        if ( ret )
            return -errno;

        pxstat->total = max_px_num;
        pxstat->trans_pt = malloc(max_px_num * max_px_num *
                                  sizeof(uint64_t));
        if ( !pxstat->trans_pt )
            return -ENOMEM;
        pxstat->pt = malloc(max_px_num * sizeof(struct xc_px_val));
        if ( !pxstat->pt )
        {
            free(pxstat->trans_pt);
            return -ENOMEM;
        }

        ret = xc_pm_get_pxstat(xc_handle, cpuid, pxstat);
        if ( ret )
        {
            ret = -errno;
            free(pxstat->trans_pt);
            free(pxstat->pt);
            pxstat->trans_pt = NULL;
            pxstat->pt = NULL;
            break;
        }

        if ( pxstat->total <= max_px_num )
            break;

        /* get_max_px changed under our feet so the data is incomplete. */
        free(pxstat->trans_pt);
        free(pxstat->pt);
        pxstat->trans_pt = NULL;
        pxstat->pt = NULL;
    }

    return ret;
}

/* show cpu actual average freq information on CPU cpuid */
static int get_avgfreq_by_cpuid(xc_interface *xc_handle, int cpuid, int *avgfreq)
{
    int ret = 0;

    ret = xc_get_cpufreq_avgfreq(xc_handle, cpuid, avgfreq);
    if ( ret )
        ret = -errno;

    return ret;
}

static int show_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_interface *xc_handle, int cpuid)
{
    int ret = 0;
    struct xc_px_stat pxstatinfo;

    ret = get_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, cpuid, &pxstatinfo);
    if ( ret )
    {
        if ( ret == -ENODEV )
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "Either Xen cpufreq is disabled or no valid information is registered!\n");
        else if ( ret == -EOPNOTSUPP )
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "P-State information not supported.  Try 'get-cpufreq-average' or 'start'.\n");
        return ret;
    }

    print_pxstat(cpuid, &pxstatinfo);

    free(pxstatinfo.trans_pt);
    free(pxstatinfo.pt);
    return 0;
}

void pxstat_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1;

    if ( argc > 0 )
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], &cpuid);

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        /* show pxstates on all cpus */
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
        {
            int ret = show_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i);

            if ( ret == -ENODEV || ret == -EOPNOTSUPP )
                break;
        }
    }
    else
        show_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, cpuid);
}

static int show_cpufreq_by_cpuid(xc_interface *xc_handle, int cpuid)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int average_cpufreq;

    ret = get_avgfreq_by_cpuid(xc_handle, cpuid, &average_cpufreq);
    if ( ret )
        return ret;

    printf("cpu id               : %d\n", cpuid);
    printf("average cpu frequency: %d\n", average_cpufreq);
    printf("\n");
    return 0;
}

void cpufreq_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1;

    if ( argc > 0 )
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], &cpuid);

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        /* show average frequency on all cpus */
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( show_cpufreq_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i) == -ENODEV )
                break;
    }
    else
        show_cpufreq_by_cpuid(xc_handle, cpuid);
}

static uint64_t usec_start, usec_end;
static struct xc_cx_stat *cxstat, *cxstat_start, *cxstat_end;
static struct xc_px_stat *pxstat, *pxstat_start, *pxstat_end;
static int *avgfreq;
static uint64_t *sum, *sum_cx, *sum_px;

static void signal_int_handler(int signo)
{
    int i, j, k, ret;
    struct timeval tv;
    int cx_cap = 0, px_cap = 0;
    xc_cputopo_t *cputopo = NULL;
    unsigned max_cpus = 0;

    if ( xc_cputopoinfo(xc_handle, &max_cpus, NULL) != 0 )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to discover number of CPUs: %s\n",
                strerror(errno));
        goto out;
    }

    cputopo = calloc(max_cpus, sizeof(*cputopo));
    if ( cputopo == NULL )
    {
	fprintf(stderr, "failed to allocate hypercall buffers\n");
	goto out;
    }

    if ( gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to get timeofday\n");
        goto out;
    }
    usec_end = tv.tv_sec * 1000000UL + tv.tv_usec;

    if ( get_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, 0, NULL) != -ENODEV )
    {
        cx_cap = 1;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( !get_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i, &cxstat_end[i]) )
                for ( j = 0; j < cxstat_end[i].nr; j++ )
                {
                    int64_t diff = (int64_t)cxstat_end[i].residencies[j] -
                        (int64_t)cxstat_start[i].residencies[j];
                    if ( diff >=0 )
                        sum_cx[i] += diff;
                }
    }

    ret = get_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, 0, NULL);
    if ( ret != -ENODEV && ret != -EOPNOTSUPP )
    {
        px_cap = 1;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( !get_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i , &pxstat_end[i]) )
                for ( j = 0; j < pxstat_end[i].total; j++ )
                    sum_px[i] += pxstat_end[i].pt[j].residency -
                                 pxstat_start[i].pt[j].residency;
    }

    for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
        get_avgfreq_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i, &avgfreq[i]);

    printf("Elapsed time (ms): %"PRIu64"\n", (usec_end - usec_start) / 1000UL);
    for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
    {
        uint64_t res, triggers;
        double avg_res;

        printf("\nCPU%d:\tResidency(ms)\t\tAvg Res(ms)\n",i);
        if ( cx_cap && sum_cx[i] > 0 )
        {
            for ( j = 0; j < cxstat_end[i].nr; j++ )
            {
                int64_t diff = (int64_t)cxstat_end[i].residencies[j] -
                    (int64_t)cxstat_start[i].residencies[j];

                res = ( diff >= 0 ) ? diff : 0;
                triggers = cxstat_end[i].triggers[j] -
                    cxstat_start[i].triggers[j];
                /* 
                 * triggers may be zero if the CPU has been in this state for
                 * the whole sample or if it never entered the state
                 */
                if ( triggers == 0 && cxstat_end[i].last == j )
                    avg_res =  (double)sum_cx[i]/1000000.0;
                else
                    avg_res = (triggers==0) ? 0: (double)res/triggers/1000000.0;
                printf("  C%d\t%"PRIu64"\t(%5.2f%%)\t%.2f\n", j, res/1000000UL,
                        100 * res / (double)sum_cx[i], avg_res );
            }
            printf("\n");
        }
        if ( px_cap && sum_px[i]>0 )
        {
            for ( j = 0; j < pxstat_end[i].total; j++ )
            {
                res = pxstat_end[i].pt[j].residency -
                    pxstat_start[i].pt[j].residency;
                printf("  P%d\t%"PRIu64"\t(%5.2f%%)\n", j,
                        res / 1000000UL, 100UL * res / (double)sum_px[i]);
            }
        }
        if ( px_cap && avgfreq[i] )
            printf("  Avg freq\t%d\tKHz\n", avgfreq[i]);
    }

    if ( cx_cap && !xc_cputopoinfo(xc_handle, &max_cpus, cputopo) )
    {
        uint32_t socket_ids[MAX_NR_CPU];
        uint32_t core_ids[MAX_NR_CPU];
        uint32_t socket_nr = 0;
        uint32_t core_nr = 0;

        if ( max_cpus > MAX_NR_CPU )
            max_cpus = MAX_NR_CPU;
        /* check validity */
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpus; i++ )
        {
            if ( cputopo[i].core == XEN_INVALID_CORE_ID ||
                 cputopo[i].socket == XEN_INVALID_SOCKET_ID )
                break;
        }
        if ( i >= max_cpus )
        {
            /* find socket nr & core nr per socket */
            for ( i = 0; i < max_cpus; i++ )
            {
                for ( j = 0; j < socket_nr; j++ )
                    if ( cputopo[i].socket == socket_ids[j] )
                        break;
                if ( j == socket_nr )
                {
                    socket_ids[j] = cputopo[i].socket;
                    socket_nr++;
                }

                for ( j = 0; j < core_nr; j++ )
                    if ( cputopo[i].core == core_ids[j] )
                        break;
                if ( j == core_nr )
                {
                    core_ids[j] = cputopo[i].core;
                    core_nr++;
                }
            }

            /* print out CC? and PC? */
            for ( i = 0; i < socket_nr; i++ )
            {
                unsigned int n;
                uint64_t res;

                for ( j = 0; j < max_cpus; j++ )
                {
                    if ( cputopo[j].socket == socket_ids[i] )
                        break;
                }
                printf("\nSocket %d\n", socket_ids[i]);
                for ( n = 0; n < MAX_PKG_RESIDENCIES; ++n )
                {
                    if ( n >= cxstat_end[j].nr_pc )
                        continue;
                    res = cxstat_end[j].pc[n];
                    if ( n < cxstat_start[j].nr_pc )
                        res -= cxstat_start[j].pc[n];
                    printf("\tPC%u\t%"PRIu64" ms\t%.2f%%\n",
                           n + 1, res / 1000000UL,
                           100UL * res / (double)sum_cx[j]);
                }
                for ( k = 0; k < core_nr; k++ )
                {
                    for ( j = 0; j < max_cpus; j++ )
                    {
                        if ( cputopo[j].socket == socket_ids[i] &&
                             cputopo[j].core == core_ids[k] )
                            break;
                    }
                    printf("\t Core %d CPU %d\n", core_ids[k], j);
                    for ( n = 0; n < MAX_CORE_RESIDENCIES; ++n )
                    {
                        if ( n >= cxstat_end[j].nr_cc )
                            continue;
                        res = cxstat_end[j].cc[n];
                        if ( n < cxstat_start[j].nr_cc )
                            res -= cxstat_start[j].cc[n];
                        printf("\t\tCC%u\t%"PRIu64" ms\t%.2f%%\n",
                               n + 1, res / 1000000UL,
                               100UL * res / (double)sum_cx[j]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* some clean up and then exits */
    for ( i = 0; i < 2 * max_cpu_nr; i++ )
    {
        free(cxstat[i].triggers);
        free(cxstat[i].residencies);
        free(cxstat[i].pc);
        free(cxstat[i].cc);
        free(pxstat[i].trans_pt);
        free(pxstat[i].pt);
    }
    free(cxstat);
    free(pxstat);
    free(sum);
    free(avgfreq);
out:
    free(cputopo);
    xc_interface_close(xc_handle);
    exit(0);
}

void start_gather_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i;
    struct timeval tv;
    int timeout = 0;

    if ( argc == 1 )
    {
        sscanf(argv[0], "%d", &timeout);
        if ( timeout <= 0 )
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set timeout seconds, falling back...\n");
        else
            printf("Timeout set to %d seconds\n", timeout);
    }

    if ( gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to get timeofday\n");
        return ;
    }
    usec_start = tv.tv_sec * 1000000UL + tv.tv_usec;

    sum = calloc(2 * max_cpu_nr, sizeof(*sum));
    if ( sum == NULL )
        return ;
    cxstat = calloc(2 * max_cpu_nr, sizeof(*cxstat));
    if ( cxstat == NULL )
    {
        free(sum);
        return ;
    }
    pxstat = calloc(2 * max_cpu_nr, sizeof(*pxstat));
    if ( pxstat == NULL )
    {
        free(sum);
        free(cxstat);
        return ;
    }
    avgfreq = calloc(max_cpu_nr, sizeof(*avgfreq));
    if ( avgfreq == NULL )
    {
        free(sum);
        free(cxstat);
        free(pxstat);
        return ;
    }
    sum_cx = sum;
    sum_px = sum + max_cpu_nr;
    cxstat_start = cxstat;
    cxstat_end = cxstat + max_cpu_nr;
    pxstat_start = pxstat;
    pxstat_end = pxstat + max_cpu_nr;

    if ( get_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, 0, NULL) == -ENODEV &&
         get_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, 0, NULL) == -ENODEV )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Xen cpu idle and frequency is disabled!\n");
        return ;
    }

    for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
    {
        get_cxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i, &cxstat_start[i]);
        get_pxstat_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i, &pxstat_start[i]);
        get_avgfreq_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i, &avgfreq[i]);
    }

    if (signal(SIGINT, signal_int_handler) == SIG_ERR)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to set signal int handler\n");
        free(sum);
        free(pxstat);
        free(cxstat);
        free(avgfreq);
        return ;
    }

    if ( timeout > 0 )
    {
        if ( signal(SIGALRM, signal_int_handler) == SIG_ERR )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set signal alarm handler\n");
            free(sum);
            free(pxstat);
            free(cxstat);
            free(avgfreq);
            return ;
        }
        alarm(timeout);
    }

    printf("Start sampling, waiting for CTRL-C or SIGINT or SIGALARM signal ...\n");

    pause();
}

static unsigned int calculate_activity_window(const xc_cppc_para_t *cppc,
                                              const char **units)
{
    unsigned int mantissa = MASK_EXTR(cppc->activity_window,
                                      XEN_CPPC_ACT_WINDOW_MANTISSA_MASK);
    unsigned int exponent = MASK_EXTR(cppc->activity_window,
                                      XEN_CPPC_ACT_WINDOW_EXPONENT_MASK);
    unsigned int multiplier = 1;
    unsigned int i;

    /*
     * SDM only states a 0 register is hardware selected, and doesn't mention
     * a 0 mantissa with a non-0 exponent.  Only special case a 0 register.
     */
    if ( cppc->activity_window == 0 )
    {
        *units = "hardware selected";

        return 0;
    }

    if ( exponent >= 6 )
    {
        *units = "s";
        exponent -= 6;
    }
    else if ( exponent >= 3 )
    {
        *units = "ms";
        exponent -= 3;
    }
    else
        *units = "us";

    for ( i = 0; i < exponent; i++ )
        multiplier *= 10;

    return mantissa * multiplier;
}

/* print out parameters about cpu frequency */
static void print_cpufreq_para(int cpuid, struct xc_get_cpufreq_para *p_cpufreq)
{
    bool hwp = strcmp(p_cpufreq->scaling_driver, XEN_HWP_DRIVER_NAME) == 0;
    int i;

    printf("cpu id               : %d\n", cpuid);

    printf("affected_cpus        :");
    for ( i = 0; i < p_cpufreq->cpu_num; i++ )
        printf(" %d", p_cpufreq->affected_cpus[i]);
    printf("\n");

    if ( hwp )
        printf("cpuinfo frequency    : base [%"PRIu32"] max [%"PRIu32"]\n",
               p_cpufreq->cpuinfo_min_freq,
               p_cpufreq->cpuinfo_max_freq);
    else
        printf("cpuinfo frequency    : max [%u] min [%u] cur [%u]\n",
               p_cpufreq->cpuinfo_max_freq,
               p_cpufreq->cpuinfo_min_freq,
               p_cpufreq->cpuinfo_cur_freq);

    printf("scaling_driver       : %s\n", p_cpufreq->scaling_driver);

    if ( hwp )
    {
        const xc_cppc_para_t *cppc = &p_cpufreq->u.cppc_para;

        printf("cppc variables       :\n");
        printf("  hardware limits    : lowest [%"PRIu32"] lowest nonlinear [%"PRIu32"]\n",
               cppc->lowest, cppc->lowest_nonlinear);
        printf("                     : nominal [%"PRIu32"] highest [%"PRIu32"]\n",
               cppc->nominal, cppc->highest);
        printf("  configured limits  : min [%"PRIu32"] max [%"PRIu32"] energy perf [%"PRIu32"]\n",
               cppc->minimum, cppc->maximum, cppc->energy_perf);

        if ( cppc->features & XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_FEAT_ACT_WINDOW )
        {
            unsigned int activity_window;
            const char *units;

            activity_window = calculate_activity_window(cppc, &units);
            printf("                     : activity_window [%"PRIu32" %s]\n",
                   activity_window, units);
        }

        printf("                     : desired [%"PRIu32"%s]\n",
               cppc->desired,
               cppc->desired ? "" : " hw autonomous");
    }
    else
    {
        if ( p_cpufreq->gov_num )
            printf("scaling_avail_gov    : %s\n",
                   p_cpufreq->scaling_available_governors);

        printf("current_governor     : %s\n", p_cpufreq->u.s.scaling_governor);
        if ( !strncmp(p_cpufreq->u.s.scaling_governor,
                      "userspace", CPUFREQ_NAME_LEN) )
        {
            printf("  userspace specific :\n");
            printf("    scaling_setspeed : %u\n",
                   p_cpufreq->u.s.u.userspace.scaling_setspeed);
        }
        else if ( !strncmp(p_cpufreq->u.s.scaling_governor,
                           "ondemand", CPUFREQ_NAME_LEN) )
        {
            printf("  ondemand specific  :\n");
            printf("    sampling_rate    : max [%u] min [%u] cur [%u]\n",
                   p_cpufreq->u.s.u.ondemand.sampling_rate_max,
                   p_cpufreq->u.s.u.ondemand.sampling_rate_min,
                   p_cpufreq->u.s.u.ondemand.sampling_rate);
            printf("    up_threshold     : %u\n",
                   p_cpufreq->u.s.u.ondemand.up_threshold);
        }

        printf("scaling_avail_freq   :");
        for ( i = 0; i < p_cpufreq->freq_num; i++ )
            if ( p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies[i] ==
                 p_cpufreq->u.s.scaling_cur_freq )
                printf(" *%d", p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies[i]);
            else
                printf(" %d", p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies[i]);
        printf("\n");

        printf("scaling frequency    : max [%u] min [%u] cur [%u]\n",
               p_cpufreq->u.s.scaling_max_freq,
               p_cpufreq->u.s.scaling_min_freq,
               p_cpufreq->u.s.scaling_cur_freq);
    }

    printf("turbo mode           : %s\n",
           p_cpufreq->turbo_enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled or n/a");
    printf("\n");
}

/* show cpu frequency parameters information on CPU cpuid */
static int show_cpufreq_para_by_cpuid(xc_interface *xc_handle, int cpuid)
{
    int ret = 0;
    struct xc_get_cpufreq_para cpufreq_para, *p_cpufreq = &cpufreq_para;

    p_cpufreq->cpu_num = 0;
    p_cpufreq->freq_num = 0;
    p_cpufreq->gov_num = 0;
    p_cpufreq->affected_cpus = NULL;
    p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies = NULL;
    p_cpufreq->scaling_available_governors = NULL;
    p_cpufreq->turbo_enabled = 0;

    do
    {
        free(p_cpufreq->affected_cpus);
        free(p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies);
        free(p_cpufreq->scaling_available_governors);

        p_cpufreq->affected_cpus = NULL;
        p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies = NULL;
        p_cpufreq->scaling_available_governors = NULL;

        if (p_cpufreq->cpu_num &&
            !(p_cpufreq->affected_cpus =
              malloc(p_cpufreq->cpu_num * sizeof(uint32_t))))
        {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "[CPU%d] failed to malloc for affected_cpus\n",
                    cpuid);
            ret = -ENOMEM;
            goto out;
        }
        if (p_cpufreq->freq_num &&
            !(p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies =
              malloc(p_cpufreq->freq_num * sizeof(uint32_t))))
        {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "[CPU%d] failed to malloc for scaling_available_frequencies\n",
                    cpuid);
            ret = -ENOMEM;
            goto out;
        }
        if (p_cpufreq->gov_num &&
            !(p_cpufreq->scaling_available_governors =
              malloc(p_cpufreq->gov_num * CPUFREQ_NAME_LEN * sizeof(char))))
        {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "[CPU%d] failed to malloc for scaling_available_governors\n",
                    cpuid);
            ret = -ENOMEM;
            goto out;
        }

        ret = xc_get_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, cpuid, p_cpufreq);
    } while ( ret && errno == EAGAIN );

    if ( ret == 0 )
        print_cpufreq_para(cpuid, p_cpufreq);
    else if ( errno == ENODEV )
    {
        ret = -ENODEV;
        fprintf(stderr, "Xen cpufreq is not enabled!\n");
    }
    else
        fprintf(stderr,
                "[CPU%d] failed to get cpufreq parameter\n",
                cpuid);

out:
    free(p_cpufreq->scaling_available_governors);
    free(p_cpufreq->scaling_available_frequencies);
    free(p_cpufreq->affected_cpus);

    return ret;
}

void cpufreq_para_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1;

    if ( argc > 0 )
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], &cpuid);

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        /* show cpu freqency information on all cpus */
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( show_cpufreq_para_by_cpuid(xc_handle, i) == -ENODEV )
                break;
    }
    else
        show_cpufreq_para_by_cpuid(xc_handle, cpuid);
}

void scaling_max_freq_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1, freq = -1;

    parse_cpuid_and_int(argc, argv, &cpuid, &freq, "frequency");

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, i, SCALING_MAX_FREQ, freq) )
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "[CPU%d] failed to set scaling max freq (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else
    {
        if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, cpuid, SCALING_MAX_FREQ, freq) )
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set scaling max freq (%d - %s)\n",
                    errno, strerror(errno));
    }
}

void scaling_min_freq_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1, freq = -1;

    parse_cpuid_and_int(argc, argv, &cpuid, &freq, "frequency");

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, i, SCALING_MIN_FREQ, freq) )
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "[CPU%d] failed to set scaling min freq (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else
    {
        if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, cpuid, SCALING_MIN_FREQ, freq) )
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set scaling min freq (%d - %s)\n",
                    errno, strerror(errno));
    }
}

void scaling_speed_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1, speed = -1;

    parse_cpuid_and_int(argc, argv, &cpuid, &speed, "speed");

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, i, SCALING_SETSPEED, speed) )
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "[CPU%d] failed to set scaling speed (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else
    {
        if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, cpuid, SCALING_SETSPEED, speed) )
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set scaling speed (%d - %s)\n",
                    errno, strerror(errno));
    }
}

void scaling_sampling_rate_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1, rate = -1;

    parse_cpuid_and_int(argc, argv, &cpuid, &rate, "rate");

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, i, SAMPLING_RATE, rate) )
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "[CPU%d] failed to set scaling sampling rate (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else
    {
        if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, cpuid, SAMPLING_RATE, rate) )
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set scaling sampling rate (%d - %s)\n",
                    errno, strerror(errno));
    }
}

void scaling_up_threshold_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1, threshold = -1;

    parse_cpuid_and_int(argc, argv, &cpuid, &threshold, "threshold");

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, i, UP_THRESHOLD, threshold) )
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "[CPU%d] failed to set up scaling threshold (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else
    {
        if ( xc_set_cpufreq_para(xc_handle, cpuid, UP_THRESHOLD, threshold) )
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set up scaling threshold (%d - %s)\n",
                    errno, strerror(errno));
    }
}

void scaling_governor_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1;
    char *name;

    if ( argc >= 2 )
    {
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], &cpuid);
        name = argv[1];
    }
    else if ( argc > 0 )
        name = argv[0];
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Missing argument(s)\n");
        exit(EINVAL);
    }

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_set_cpufreq_gov(xc_handle, i, name) )
                fprintf(stderr, "[CPU%d] failed to set governor name (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else
    {
        if ( xc_set_cpufreq_gov(xc_handle, cpuid, name) )
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set governor name (%d - %s)\n",
                    errno, strerror(errno));
    }
}

void cpu_topology_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    xc_cputopo_t *cputopo = NULL;
    unsigned max_cpus = 0;
    int i, rc;

    if ( xc_cputopoinfo(xc_handle, &max_cpus, NULL) != 0 )
    {
        rc = errno;
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to discover number of CPUs (%d - %s)\n",
                errno, strerror(errno));
        goto out;
    }

    cputopo = calloc(max_cpus, sizeof(*cputopo));
    if ( cputopo == NULL )
    {
	rc = ENOMEM;
	fprintf(stderr, "failed to allocate hypercall buffers\n");
	goto out;
    }

    if ( xc_cputopoinfo(xc_handle, &max_cpus, cputopo) )
    {
        rc = errno;
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot get Xen CPU topology (%d - %s)\n",
                errno, strerror(errno));
        goto out;
    }

    printf("CPU\tcore\tsocket\tnode\n");
    for ( i = 0; i < max_cpus; i++ )
    {
        if ( cputopo[i].core == XEN_INVALID_CORE_ID )
            continue;
        printf("CPU%d\t %d\t %d\t %d\n",
               i, cputopo[i].core, cputopo[i].socket, cputopo[i].node);
    }
    rc = 0;
out:
    free(cputopo);
    if ( rc )
        exit(rc);
}

void set_sched_smt_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int value;

    if ( argc != 1 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Missing or invalid argument(s)\n");
        exit(EINVAL);
    }

    if ( !strcasecmp(argv[0], "disable") )
        value = 0;
    else if ( !strcasecmp(argv[0], "enable") )
        value = 1;
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid argument: %s\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EINVAL);
    }

    if ( !xc_set_sched_opt_smt(xc_handle, value) )
        printf("%s sched_smt_power_savings succeeded\n", argv[0]);
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "%s sched_smt_power_savings failed (%d - %s)\n",
                argv[0], errno, strerror(errno));
}

void set_vcpu_migration_delay_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct xen_sysctl_credit_schedule sparam;
    int value;

    fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: using xenpm for this purpose is deprecated."
           " Check out `xl sched-credit -s -m DELAY'\n");

    if ( argc != 1 || (value = atoi(argv[0])) < 0 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Missing or invalid argument(s)\n");
        exit(EINVAL);
    }

    if ( xc_sched_credit_params_get(xc_handle, 0, &sparam) < 0 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getting Credit scheduler parameters failed\n");
        exit(EINVAL);
    }
    sparam.vcpu_migr_delay_us = value;

    if ( !xc_sched_credit_params_set(xc_handle, 0, &sparam) )
        printf("set vcpu migration delay to %d us succeeded\n", value);
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "set vcpu migration delay failed (%d - %s)\n",
                errno, strerror(errno));
}

void get_vcpu_migration_delay_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct xen_sysctl_credit_schedule sparam;

    fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: using xenpm for this purpose is deprecated."
           " Check out `xl sched-credit -s'\n");

    if ( argc )
        fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring argument(s)\n");

    if ( !xc_sched_credit_params_get(xc_handle, 0, &sparam) )
        printf("Scheduler vcpu migration delay is %d us\n",
               sparam.vcpu_migr_delay_us);
    else
        fprintf(stderr,
                "Failed to get scheduler vcpu migration delay (%d - %s)\n",
                errno, strerror(errno));
}

void set_max_cstate_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int value, subval = XEN_SYSCTL_CX_UNLIMITED;
    char buf[12];

    if ( argc < 1 || argc > 2 ||
         (sscanf(argv[0], "%d", &value) == 1
          ? value < 0
          : (value = XEN_SYSCTL_CX_UNLIMITED, strcmp(argv[0], "unlimited"))) ||
         (argc == 2 &&
          (sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &subval) == 1
           ? subval < 0
           : (subval = XEN_SYSCTL_CX_UNLIMITED, strcmp(argv[1], "unlimited")))) )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Missing, excess, or invalid argument(s)\n");
        exit(EINVAL);
    }

    snprintf(buf, ARRAY_SIZE(buf), "C%d", value);

    if ( !xc_set_cpuidle_max_cstate(xc_handle, (uint32_t)value) )
        printf("max C-state set to %s\n", value >= 0 ? buf : argv[0]);
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set max C-state to %s (%d - %s)\n",
                value >= 0 ? buf : argv[0], errno, strerror(errno));
        return;
    }

    if ( value != XEN_SYSCTL_CX_UNLIMITED )
    {
        snprintf(buf, ARRAY_SIZE(buf), "%d", subval);

        if ( !xc_set_cpuidle_max_csubstate(xc_handle, (uint32_t)subval) )
            printf("max C-substate set to %s succeeded\n",
                   subval >= 0 ? buf : "unlimited");
        else
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set max C-substate to %s (%d - %s)\n",
                    subval >= 0 ? buf : "unlimited", errno, strerror(errno));
    }
}

void enable_turbo_mode(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1;

    if ( argc > 0 )
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], &cpuid);

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        /* enable turbo modes on all cpus,
         * only make effects on dbs governor */
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_enable_turbo(xc_handle, i) )
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "[CPU%d] failed to enable turbo mode (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else if ( xc_enable_turbo(xc_handle, cpuid) )
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to enable turbo mode (%d - %s)\n",
                errno, strerror(errno));
}

void disable_turbo_mode(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int cpuid = -1;

    if ( argc > 0 )
        parse_cpuid(argv[0], &cpuid);

    if ( cpuid < 0 )
    {
        /* disable turbo modes on all cpus,
         * only make effects on dbs governor */
        int i;
        for ( i = 0; i < max_cpu_nr; i++ )
            if ( xc_disable_turbo(xc_handle, i) )
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "[CPU%d] failed to disable turbo mode (%d - %s)\n",
                        i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }
    else if ( xc_disable_turbo(xc_handle, cpuid) )
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to disable turbo mode (%d - %s)\n",
                errno, strerror(errno));
}

/*
 * Parse activity_window:NNN{us,ms,s} and validate range.
 *
 * Activity window is a 7bit mantissa (0-127) with a 3bit exponent (0-7) base
 * 10 in microseconds.  So the range is 1 microsecond to 1270 seconds.  A value
 * of 0 lets the hardware autonomously select the window.
 *
 * Return 0 on success
 *       -1 on error
 */
static int parse_activity_window(xc_set_cppc_para_t *set_cppc, unsigned long u,
                                 const char *suffix)
{
    unsigned int exponent = 0;
    unsigned int multiplier = 1;

    if ( suffix && suffix[0] )
    {
        if ( strcmp(suffix, "s") == 0 )
        {
            multiplier = 1000 * 1000;
            exponent = 6;
        }
        else if ( strcmp(suffix, "ms") == 0 )
        {
            multiplier = 1000;
            exponent = 3;
        }
        else if ( strcmp(suffix, "us") != 0 )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "invalid activity window units: \"%s\"\n", suffix);

            return -1;
        }
    }

    /* u * multipler > 1270 * 1000 * 1000 transformed to avoid overflow. */
    if ( u > 1270 * 1000 * 1000 / multiplier )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "activity window is too large\n");

        return -1;
    }

    /* looking for 7 bits of mantissa and 3 bits of exponent */
    while ( u > 127 )
    {
        u += 5; /* Round up to mitigate truncation rounding down
                   e.g. 128 -> 120 vs 128 -> 130. */
        u /= 10;
        exponent += 1;
    }

    set_cppc->activity_window =
        MASK_INSR(exponent, XEN_CPPC_ACT_WINDOW_EXPONENT_MASK) |
        MASK_INSR(u, XEN_CPPC_ACT_WINDOW_MANTISSA_MASK);
    set_cppc->set_params |= XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_ACT_WINDOW;

    return 0;
}

static int parse_cppc_opts(xc_set_cppc_para_t *set_cppc, int *cpuid,
                           int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i = 0;

    if ( argc < 1 )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Missing arguments\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if ( isdigit(argv[i][0]) )
    {
        if ( sscanf(argv[i], "%d", cpuid) != 1 || *cpuid < 0 )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not parse cpuid \"%s\"\n", argv[i]);
            return -1;
        }

        i++;
    }

    if ( i == argc )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Missing arguments\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if ( strcasecmp(argv[i], "powersave") == 0 )
    {
        set_cppc->set_params = XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_PRESET_POWERSAVE;
        i++;
    }
    else if ( strcasecmp(argv[i], "performance") == 0 )
    {
        set_cppc->set_params = XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_PRESET_PERFORMANCE;
        i++;
    }
    else if ( strcasecmp(argv[i], "balance") == 0 )
    {
        set_cppc->set_params = XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_PRESET_BALANCE;
        i++;
    }

    for ( ; i < argc; i++)
    {
        unsigned long val;
        char *param = argv[i];
        char *value;
        char *suffix;
        int ret;

        value = strchr(param, ':');
        if ( value == NULL )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\"%s\" is an invalid cppc parameter\n", argv[i]);
            return -1;
        }

        value[0] = '\0';
        value++;

        errno = 0;
        val = strtoul(value, &suffix, 10);
        if ( (errno && val == ULONG_MAX) || value == suffix )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not parse number \"%s\"\n", value);
            return -1;
        }

        if ( strncasecmp(param, "act-window", strlen(param)) == 0 )
        {
            ret = parse_activity_window(set_cppc, val, suffix);
            if (ret)
                return -1;

            continue;
        }

        if ( val > 255 )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\"%s\" value \"%lu\" is out of range\n", param,
                    val);
            return -1;
        }

        if ( suffix && suffix[0] )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Suffix \"%s\" is invalid\n", suffix);
            return -1;
        }

        if ( strncasecmp(param, "minimum", MAX(2, strlen(param))) == 0 )
        {
            set_cppc->minimum = val;
            set_cppc->set_params |= XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_MINIMUM;
        }
        else if ( strncasecmp(param, "maximum", MAX(2, strlen(param))) == 0 )
        {
            set_cppc->maximum = val;
            set_cppc->set_params |= XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_MAXIMUM;
        }
        else if ( strncasecmp(param, "desired", strlen(param)) == 0 )
        {
            set_cppc->desired = val;
            set_cppc->set_params |= XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_DESIRED;
        }
        else if ( strncasecmp(param, "energy-perf", strlen(param)) == 0 )
        {
            set_cppc->energy_perf = val;
            set_cppc->set_params |= XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_ENERGY_PERF;
        }
        else
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\"%s\" is an invalid parameter\n", param);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    if ( set_cppc->set_params == 0 )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "No parameters set in request\n");
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

static void cppc_set_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    xc_set_cppc_para_t set_cppc = {};
    unsigned int max_cpuid = max_cpu_nr;
    int cpuid = -1;
    unsigned int i = 0;
    uint32_t set_params;

    if ( parse_cppc_opts(&set_cppc, &cpuid, argc, argv) )
        exit(EINVAL);

    if ( cpuid != -1 )
    {
        i = cpuid;
        max_cpuid = i + 1;
    }

    set_params = set_cppc.set_params;
    for ( ; i < max_cpuid; i++ ) {
        if ( xc_set_cpufreq_cppc(xc_handle, i, &set_cppc) )
            fprintf(stderr, "[CPU%d] failed to set cppc params (%d - %s)\n",
                    i, errno, strerror(errno));
    }

    if ( (set_params ^ set_cppc.set_params) & XEN_SYSCTL_CPPC_SET_ACT_WINDOW )
        printf("Activity window not supported and omitted\n");
}

struct {
    const char *name;
    void (*function)(int argc, char *argv[]);
} main_options[] = {
    { "help", help_func },
    { "get-cpuidle-states", cxstat_func },
    { "get-cpufreq-states", pxstat_func },
    { "get-cpufreq-average", cpufreq_func },
    { "start", start_gather_func },
    { "get-cpufreq-para", cpufreq_para_func },
    { "set-cpufreq-cppc", cppc_set_func },
    { "set-scaling-maxfreq", scaling_max_freq_func },
    { "set-scaling-minfreq", scaling_min_freq_func },
    { "set-scaling-governor", scaling_governor_func },
    { "set-scaling-speed", scaling_speed_func },
    { "set-sampling-rate", scaling_sampling_rate_func },
    { "set-up-threshold", scaling_up_threshold_func },
    { "get-cpu-topology", cpu_topology_func},
    { "set-sched-smt", set_sched_smt_func},
    { "get-vcpu-migration-delay", get_vcpu_migration_delay_func},
    { "set-vcpu-migration-delay", set_vcpu_migration_delay_func},
    { "set-max-cstate", set_max_cstate_func},
    { "enable-turbo-mode", enable_turbo_mode },
    { "disable-turbo-mode", disable_turbo_mode },
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i, ret = 0;
    xc_physinfo_t physinfo;
    int nr_matches = 0;
    int matches_main_options[ARRAY_SIZE(main_options)];

    if ( argc < 2 )
    {
        show_help();
        return 0;
    }

    xc_handle = xc_interface_open(0,0,0);
    if ( !xc_handle )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to get the handler\n");
        return EIO;
    }

    ret = xc_physinfo(xc_handle, &physinfo);
    if ( ret )
    {
        ret = errno;
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to get processor information (%d - %s)\n",
                ret, strerror(ret));
        xc_interface_close(xc_handle);
        return ret;
    }
    max_cpu_nr = physinfo.max_cpu_id + 1;

    /* calculate how many options match with user's input */
    for ( i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(main_options); i++ )
        if ( !strncmp(main_options[i].name, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])) )
            matches_main_options[nr_matches++] = i;

    if ( nr_matches > 1 )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Ambiguous options: ");
        for ( i = 0; i < nr_matches; i++ )
            fprintf(stderr, " %s", main_options[matches_main_options[i]].name);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        ret = EINVAL;
    }
    else if ( nr_matches == 1 )
        /* dispatch to the corresponding function handler */
        main_options[matches_main_options[0]].function(argc - 2, argv + 2);
    else
    {
        show_help();
        ret = EINVAL;
    }

    xc_interface_close(xc_handle);
    return ret;
}

